Industrial Pollution PreventionSustainable economic development is necessary to improve the standard of liv ing and quality of life in the developing countries. It is also required to maintain or enhance their attributes for those lands already commercially developed. Past experience indicates that one of the most important elements in the economic growth is the development of industry. It should be also recognized that devel oping industry, if pursued according to the tradition al means, entails the addi tional inefficient consumption of limited national resource and generation of large amount of residue that called industrial pollution. In general, industry has three generations of pollution problems. The first generation pollution problem is from the manufacturing facilities. The second generation pollution problem is related to the use of the products after leaving the site of manufacturing. The final disposal of the used or unused products rep resents the third-generation pollution problem for industry. The traditional way of controlling pollution by industry is building costiy waste treatment facilities added-on to the end of manufacturing processes. In dustry also has to commit continuous fun ding to maintain and operate these fa cilities for their entire life span. The waste treatment facilities were supposed to solve the manufacturing related pollution problem for industry, i. e. , the first generation problem. In fact, these facilities, in according to the Law of Conser vation, do not make the pollution disappeared. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
The environmental challenge | 2 |
Source of pollution | 4 |
Industrial pollution problems | 5 |
Changing environmental management concept | 15 |
Environmental management strategy | 18 |
19 | |
Industrial pollution prevention | 21 |
NYS Multimedia Pollution Prevention M2P2 Program | 217 |
City of Cincinnati programs | 232 |
Local pollution prevention programs | 233 |
References | 234 |
Measuring pollution prevention progress | 235 |
111 Purpose | 236 |
Data analysis | 238 |
Methods of measuring pollution prevention progress | 239 |
What is pollution? | 23 |
What is Pollution prevention? | 24 |
What is industrial pollution prevention? | 27 |
Potential pollution prevention barriers | 31 |
Toxic chemicals and processes wastes | 39 |
Industrial processes | 40 |
Industrial wastes | 43 |
Toxic chemicals | 46 |
Waste characterization | 57 |
References | 58 |
Pollution prevention technology | 59 |
Applications in industrial processes | 62 |
Energy technology | 76 |
References | 80 |
Total environmental quality management | 81 |
Risk assessment and risk management | 82 |
Environmental audit program | 87 |
Designing environmentally compatible products | 101 |
Environmental labeling | 120 |
References | 137 |
Pollution prevention feasibility analyses | 141 |
Environmental feasibility analysis | 143 |
Economic feasibility analysis | 144 |
Institutional feasibility analysis | 148 |
149 | |
Industrial facility pollution prevention plan | 151 |
Establishing goals | 152 |
Data collecting and analyzing | 154 |
Identifying pollution prevention opportunities | 158 |
Employee awareness and involvement | 165 |
Proposing a pollution prevention plan | 166 |
167 | |
Implementation of pollution prevention plan | 169 |
Selecting projects | 175 |
Obtaining funding | 178 |
Engineering implementation | 180 |
Reviewing and revising projects | 181 |
References | 182 |
US P2 laws regulations strategies and programs | 183 |
The US pollution prevention related laws and regulations | 184 |
Executive orders promoting federal pollution prevention | 193 |
EPA strategy and programs | 195 |
EPAs Pollution Prevention Research Program | 206 |
Pollution prevention education and training | 208 |
Summary of Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 | 211 |
References | 213 |
State city and local pollution prevention programs | 215 |
Overview of state and local P2 programs | 216 |
References | 244 |
The role of corporate management | 247 |
Environmental responsibility | 249 |
Corporate environmental programs | 252 |
Sustainable development | 256 |
Plant design consideration | 260 |
Partnership and international programs | 262 |
Future outlook | 266 |
References | 268 |
The role of government | 271 |
Policies and strategies | 272 |
Rules and regulations | 276 |
Institutional arrangements | 278 |
Pollution prevention implementation | 279 |
Community actions | 281 |
283 | |
Pollution prevention education and research | 285 |
Public information and education | 286 |
The role of high education | 288 |
Researches at universities | 291 |
Researches at other organizations | 294 |
296 | |
Pollution prevention in the US Defense Department | 297 |
DoD pollution prevention mission and implementation policies | 298 |
DoDs unique pollution prevention attributes and considerations | 300 |
Installationfacility pollution prevention accomplishments | 304 |
Weapon system programs pollution prevention accomplishments | 312 |
Future DoD pollution prevention initiatives | 315 |
References | 316 |
Sources of pollution prevention information | 319 |
The Internet | 320 |
USfederal agencies | 322 |
State and regional governments | 330 |
Nongovernmental organizations | 334 |
Business and industry | 336 |
337 | |
Pollution Prevention Assessment Worksheets | 339 |
IndustrySpecific Checklists | 351 |
Pollution Prevention Program | 361 |
US EPAs current voluntary pollution prevention programs | 363 |
The USEPAs Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting Form R Part II ChemicalSpecific Information | 371 |
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energys Release and Pollution Prevention Report DEQ114 Section B | 379 |
The United States UniversityAffiliated Pollution Prevention Research and Training Centers | 383 |
411 | |
Brief Biography | 417 |
419 | |
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Common terms and phrases
activities agencies analysis approach benefits Center cleaner cleaning companies compliance consumer costs criteria economic efficiency emissions energy engineering environment environmental audit environmental impacts environmental management Environmental Protection environmental quality EPA's equipment evaluation facility federal goals hazardous materials hazardous waste identify implementation improve initiatives input Lamar University liability life-cycle manufacturing ment metal National operations options organizations partnerships Pollution Prevention Act pollution prevention programs pollution prevention projects pollution prevention team pollution problems potential prevention technologies process flow diagram quantity raw materials recycling reduce regulations regulatory requirements reuse risk assessment ronmental solid waste solvent source reduction specific storage strategies sustainable development tion toxic chemicals Toxic Release Inventory UNEP United University USEPA vention vironmental waste management waste minimization waste reduction waste streams